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TEACHERS' HELP MANUAL SERIES. 



3a. 8. 



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Forty Friday Afternoons. 



BY 

/ 

SEYMOUR EATON 



AND 



FLORENCE A. BLANCHARD. 



oXJ^c 



BOSTON AND CHICAGO: 

NEW ENGLAND PUBLISHING CO. 

1892. 




Copyright, 1892, 
By New England Publishing Co. 



Typography by J. S. Cushing & Co., Boston. 






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$ Forty Friday ArfERNOONS. 

— o^o^- fit 

PART I. 
IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS. 

1. NEW IDEA FOR A SPELLING MATCH. 

The school must be divided into two sections. 

This may be done by shaking together the names of all pupils, 
then allowing two pupils to draw name about until all are drawn. 

The old method of choosing captains and allowing them to 
choose turn about has few objections. 

In dividing the school, the teacher must be careful to see that 
each side has a fair proportion of the ability of the school. 

If convenient, divide the school into two contending parties a 
week in advance, but do not intimate the character of the exer- 
cises which you intend using. 

Prepare in advance several hundred slips of paper about two 
inches wide and ten inches long. Provide each pupil with six or 
eight of these slips. See that pens and ink are in readiness. 
Allow nothing else upon the desks. » 

If you have a red and a blue pencil, you might mark the slips 
of paper, — red for one side, and blue for the other. You will 
then have no difficulty in distinguishing the work when the slips 
are collected. 

Ask the whole class to stand. If you notice any pupil who is 
not doing his or her work in accordance with the rules which you 
have laid down, you should drop such an one from the exercise. 

Ask each pupil to take a slip of paper, and as you read orally 
ten words previously selected, ask them to write, numbering the 
exercise 1, and the words from 1 to 10. 

This done, ask them to take another slip, and you read five 
brief sentences containing such words as hear, here; there, their; 
principal, principle ; etc. 

Follow this by an exercise containing ten geographical names, 
which can be followed by another exercise consisting of ten 

1 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



names of persons. Introduce an exercise such as one suggested 
in Rainy Day Gaines, in Part IV. of this book (Exercise No. 2), 
and this can be followed by an exercise, with a time limited, 
requiring the class to write as many words as they possibly can, 
using only the letters in the one word or name which you give 
them. Suppose the name to be Boston. You might call time 
in five minutes and expect a list of such words as no, on, ton, 
not, soon, etc. 

ISTow, to check the work and estimate results, you can either 
exchange the papers or appoint a committee to examine them. 
You could allow one mark each for all correct words, and if in 
any exercise this were not the best thing to do, you could deduct 
for errors. 

2. SUGGESTIONS FOR A GEOGRAPHY GAME, 

There are several ways of making the subject of Geography 
very interesting. 

1. Allow the children to represent different countries of their 
own choosing, and expect them to come prepared to interest and 
instruct the school regarding the country of their choosing. 
When they are called upon, allow them to use their own origi- 
nality in the form in which their exercise shall be given. 

2. Another good idea is to allow each child to represent a city 
on a particular railway road, or to represent products coming 
from particular commercial points. 

3. Allow the whole school to have geographies or atlases, and 
each to have a long slip of paper and a pencil. Ask one child to 
write the longest list possible of cities beginning with the letter 
B ; another to write the longest list possible of countries not 
touching salt water ; another to write the longest list possible of 
rivers flowing north; another to write the longest list possible 
of capital cities ; and so on. 

4. A game or exercise could be made quite interesting by ask- 
ing each child to bring some particular thing to school, which was 
grown or manufactured in some foreign country, requiring from 
each one the particulars of growth or manufacture, and also the 
probable route of transportation. There are a great many com- 
mon things used in every household which are not home products. 

5. Divide the school into two sections. Give each member a 
long slip of paper. Ask them to write numbers down the side 
from 1 to 25, and to put their names at the bottom. When all 
are ready, read off twenty-five questions such as the following : 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



What is the largest city in France? What strait separates 
Africa from Europe'.' What river between New Hampshire and 
Vermont ? As far as possible, prepare questions requiring a 
single word for an answer. When the lists are complete, ask the 
pupils to exchange papers, and correct as you read the correct 
answers. Then allow the two sides to count up the number of 
correct answers, giving the result as in a spelling match. 

3. HOW TO CONDUCT A PUBLIC MEETING. 

This will be best for boys. Allow them to announce a meeting 
by posting notices in the schoolhouse and grounds. Let the 
meeting be called for some particular purpose. Perhaps to pro- 
test against the closing up of a particular street, or the building 
of a bridge in a particular place. Take some local subject which 
is not personal. Let the meeting be called for a definite hour. 
When the school is assembled, ask the boys to nominate a chair- 
man. Follow the rules as they are given in Cushing's Manual. 
Certain pupils should be prepared to discuss the different sides 
of the question. Allow any one to speak on the subject. Have 
a time limit. Close by having a resolution drawn up and voted 
upon. The teacher should not usurp the place of the chairman, 
but should simply be one of the company. It is a good idea to 
trust the boys in a case like this to do what is right and proper. 

4. AN AFTERNOON IN A BANK. 

Have pupils represent the officers of a bank, and let each tell 
briefly and clearly the work he has to do. 

The following subjects must be thoroughly explained and dis- 
cussed : — 

Banking Business. Note. 

What makes a Bank safe ? Days of Grace. 

What to do on entering a Bank. Endorsements. 

Taking your Signature. Protest. 

How to deposit Money. Discount. 

What is a Check ? Letters of Credit. 

Drafts. The Clearing House. 

Bonds. Collections. 

Coupons. 

Fit up a bank. Secure notes, bank books, checks, paper money ; 
and coins. Let pupils deposit money for themselves and others, 
cash checks, identify, etc. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



5. TWO HOURS WITH FARMERS. 

This exercise will need to be prepared in advance. It can be 
made very instructive, particularly to town and city pupils. Ask 
seven boys to prepare short talks (not essays) on the following, 
or similar subjects : — 

1. Plowing. 3. Reaping. 6. Irrigating. 

2. Sowing. 4. Threshing. 7. Stock-raising. 

5. Fencing. 

Allow three girls to be prepared to give short talks on — 

1. Butter-making. 2. Gardening. 3. Farm Housekeeping. 

The boys and girls should have their subjects a week or more 
in advance. They should gather from farmers and others all the 
information possible. Other subjects peculiar to the particular 
state or locality will suggest themselves to any teacher. A great 
many important facts, such as the value of land and the prices 
of the several products should be brought out. 

6. PHOTOGRAPHS AND PICTURES. 

1. Short " talks " upon the Art and Uses of Photography. 

2. Exhibition of photographs of the following men, with a 
brief biography of each, and all appropriate poems and songs 
available : — 

First List. Second List. 

Benjamin Franklin. Hannibal. 

Alexander Hamilton. Cromwell. 

Andrew Jackson. Napoleon. 

Daniel Webster. Wellington. 

Charles Sumner. Grant. 

3. " A Picture Party." 

Select a set of advertisements, or any other pictures that are 
appropriate. Be sure that there is no word about the picture 
which suggests its name. 

Get dainty little boxes or baskets, and place in each a picture, 
two pieces of paper, and a card upon which is written the num- 
ber of the box or basket. The pupils will have pencil and eraser 
in readiness. 

On each slip of paper write the number of the box. 

On the smaller slip, each must write the name of the picture. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



On the larger slip write a suitable rhyme or quotation. The 
smaller slips may be examined by three of the pupils chosen by 
the school, the teacher furnishing lists of the pictures containing 
the correct names. The teacher must examine the rhymes or 
quotations. 

A report of the correct names may be given and as many of the 
rhymes read as time will allow. 

7. TRIPS ACROSS THE CONTINENT. 



I. Along the Old Emigrant Trail. 




Omaha. 


Climbing the Bockies. 


Fremont. 


Laramie. 


Buffalo Bill's Banch. 


Soda Lakes. 


Grand Island. 


Sage Brush. 


The Blatte Eiver. 


Echo Canon. 


The Plains. 


Weber Canon. 


Prairie Dogs. 


Ogden. 


North Platte. 


Salt Lake City. 


Julesburg. 


Great Salt Lake. 


Fort Sidney. 


Great American Desert 


Cheyenne. 




II. A Winter in California. 




Pasadena. 


Mt. Hamilton. 


Monterey. 


Santa Cruz. 


San Francisco. 


San BafaeL 


San Diego. 


Los Angeles. 


Bedondo Beach. 


Biverside. 


Santa Barbara. 


San Luis Obispo. 


San Jose. 




II. The New Eldorado. 




En Boute. 




Portland. 


Seattle. 


Tacoma. 


Townsend. 



In the Country. 

Glacier Bay and its Wonderful City. 

Wrangel. 

Sitka. 

Juneau. 

Douglas Island and the Famous Treadwell Mine. 

The Forests. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



Fishing. 

Up the Chilkoot Trail to the Alpine Lakes at the Source 

of the Yukon Eiver. 
A Visit to the T'linkit Towns. 
Mt. St. Elias. 

8. WHAT THE STARS ARE DOING AFTER DARK. 

1. Quotations. 

2. Topics for Discussion. 

Uses of the Telescope. 

Early Beliefs concerning the Heavens. 

The History of Astronomical Discoveries. 

The Scenery of the Heavens. 

The Eelation of Our Earth to the Heavens. 

3. Eeports from 

Mars. Mercury. 

Jupiter. Neptune. 

Venus. Uranus. 

Saturn. Moon. 

4. Use as many good quotations and poems as time will allow. 

5. Unusual Phenomena for this Month. 

6. The Two Greatest Discoveries of the Nineteenth Century. 

9. AN INTERNATIONAL CONVERSE. 

The pupils representing the different countries should wear the 
colors found in the national flag ; or, if possible, costumes of the 
different countries. Each country must give some short poem, 
and then a description and illustration, if possible, of its chief 
industry. The poems may be found in Longfellow's " Poems of 
Places." 



1. 


Columbia. 

Address of Welcome. 




2. 


England. 

Coal. Tin. 


Copper. 


3. 


Scotland. 

Machinery. Iron ships. 


Cotton. 


4. 


Ireland. 
Silk. 


Lace. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



5. 


France. 






Sugar. 


Flax. 




Oysters. 


Fashions. 




Grains. 




6. 


Germany. 






Silver. 


Hamburg Grapes. 




Amber. 


Dresden China. 


7. 


Russia. 






Furs. 


Wool. 




Hemp. 


Timber. 


8. 


Spain and Portugal. 






Eaisins. 


Cork. 




Merino. 


Olives. 




Sardines. 




9. 


Italy. 






Sunny Skies. 


Art Gems. 




Lava Vases. 


Velvet. 



10. Columbia — Farewell. 

" Columbia could speak with honest pride 

About a progress which delights the world ; 
And show a nation grand and glorious, 

Beneath a flag which never shall be furled. 

" But while she gladly welcomes every guest, 

Who, for her sake, has braved the ocean's foam, 

All praise of self is useless, — for she knows 

That dearest, best to every heart is Home." 

— Selected. 

11. Song — " Home, Sweet Home." 

10. IN A CITY MARKET. 

Fit up a stall with as many products as possible found in a city 
market, according to the season of the year. 

Write upon the board a list of those products which it is 
impossible to exhibit. 

Prepare also lists of those articles found only in certain sea- 
sons. Have pupils prepare short talks upon the different articles. 

Flower-stands are now connected with such markets. Give 
special attention to fitting up such a stand, and have a dialogue 
between the flowers, each pupil representing one. 

Let the pupils buy and sell. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



Study the regulation of prices. 

Let any pupil who has visited a city market give a description 
of it. 
Locate a noted historical market, and give associations. 

11. AUTOGRAPHS. 

I. Preliminary Talks 

The History and Meaning of Autographs. 
How is Character shown by Autographs ? 
Why are Autographs of Value ? 

II. Lincoln's War Telegrams. [Arranged.] 

1. Eecitation — " Our Good President," by Phoebe Cary. 

2. The War Department's most precious possession is a leather- 
bound collection of Abraham Lincoln's autograph war telegrams. 

3. These telegrams are 383 in number, and were sent dur- 
ing the last year of the war and of his life. At the time no 
care was given them, but now they are guarded as priceless 
treasures. 

4. The telegrams are written on square sheets of white ruled 
writing-paper, almost all headed in neat, plain printed script, 
" Office United States Military Telegraph, War Department, Wash- 
ington, D.C.," or "Executive Mansion, Washington, D.C." 

5. About six of the telegrams are in the hand-writing of either 
Col. John Hay or Mr. John G. Nicolay. The remainder are in 
the plain, legible, lawyer-like hand of President Lincoln himself. 

6. Short sketches of 

Col. John Hay. 

Mr. John Gr. Mcolay. 

7. Eecitation — "Abraham Lincoln," by Caroline D. Howe. 

8. His signature was "A. Lincoln." Over the more important 
telegrams in his hand is the word " Cypher," — the old spelling 
being used throughout, — as instruction to telegraphers to turn 
its contents into the military telegraph code. 

9. The erasures or interlineations are few, but there are many 
abbreviations. 

10. There is at least one telegram for almost every day, and 
they form, in a sense, his diary. We read his acts and aims, his 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



hopes and fears, his shrewdness, kindliness, humor, courage, and 
patriotism during the closing year of his life. 

11. The first telegram in the book is to General Grant, and is 
as follows : — 

" Lieut.-Gen. Grant, Army of Potomac : Mrs. L. invites your- 
self and Gen. Meade to dine with us Saturday evening. Please 
notify him, and answer whether you can be with us at that time." 

12. Dated April 26, 1864. 

" Maj.-Gen. Thomas, Chattanooga, Tenn. : Suspend execution 
of death sentence of young Perry from Wisconsin, condemned for 
sleeping on his post, till further orders, and forward record for 
examination." 

13. Recitation — " The Sleeping Sentinel," or a selection from 
"Asleep at His Post." 

14. Telegram to Mrs. Lincoln, at the Metropolitan Hotel, New 
York : — 

" The draft will go to you. Tell Tad the goats and father are 
well, — especially the goats." 

15. Why was the following sent ? 

Executive Mansion, "1 
Washington, May 9, 1864. J 

" To the Friends of Union and Liberty : Enough is known of 
army operations within the last five days to claim an especial 
gratitude to God ; while what remains undone demands our most 
sincere prayers to, and reliance upon, Him without whom all 
human effort is vain, I recommend that all patriots, at their 
homes, in their places of public worship, and wherever they may 
be, unite in common thanksgiving and prayer to Almighty God . 

"A. Lincoln." 

16. May 18. 

"Maj.-Gen. Dix, commanding at New York: Whereas, there 
has been wickedly and traitorously published this morning in the 
New York World and New York Journal of Commerce, newspapers 
printed and published in the city of New York, a false and spuri- 
ous proclamation, purporting to be signed by the President, and 
to be countersigned by the Secretary of State, which publication 
is of a treasonable nature, designed to give aid and comfort to the 
enemies of the United States and to the rebels now at war against 
the government, and their aiders and abettors, you are therefore 
hereby commanded forthwith to arrest and imprison in any fort 
or military prison in your command the editors, proprietors, and 



10 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

publishers of the aforesaid newspapers, and all such newspapers 
as, after public notice has been given of the falsehood of such 
publication, print and publish the same with intent to give aid 
and comfort to the enemy; and you will hold the persons so 
arrested in close custody until they can be brought to trial before 
a military commission for their offence. You will also take pos- 
session, by military force, of the printing establishments of the 
New York World and Journal of Commerce, and hold the same until 
further order, and prevent any further publication therefrom. 

"A. Lincoln." 

17. Recitation — " Abraham Lincoln," by Alice Gary. 

18. July 27. Sent to Gov. " Andy " Johnson, whom Lincoln 
had nominated for Vice-President: — 

" I also received yours about Gen. Carl Schurz. I appreciate 
him certainly as highly as you do ; but you can never know until 
you have tried, how difficult it is to find a place for an officer of 
so high rank, when there is no place seeking him." 

19. Several telegrams betray his intense anxiety about the 
result of the campaign. His first encouragement came from 
Maine. Under date of Sept. 13, he writes : — 

" Hon. J. G. Blaine, Augusta, Me. : On behalf of the Union, 
thanks to Maine. Thanks to you personally for sending the 

news - "A. Lincoln." 

20. Sketch of Parragut's victory at Mobile Bay, Aug. 5. 

21. Sherman's capture of Atlanta, Sept. 2. 

22. Song — " Marching through Georgia." 

23. Sheridan's victory at Winchester, Sept. 19. 

24. Recitation — " The Black Horse and His Rider." 

25. The original of the following telegram was given to Gen- 
eral Sheridan by President Grant, at the close of the latter's 
term of office. In it Lincoln says : — 

"Have just heard of your great victory. God bless you all, 
officers and men. Strongly inclined to come up to see you." 

26. The two following, dated Nov. 8, are about the famous 
" Sailors' Pair," Boston, which resulted in founding the Orphans' 
Home, at Quincy. The first runs — 

" Yours received. I have no other notice that the ox is mine. 
If it be really so, I present it to the Sailors' Pair, as a contri- 
bution." 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. H 

The other reads : — 

" The Managing Committee of the Sailors' Fair, Boston, 
3Iass. : Allow me to wish you great success. With the old fame 
of the navy, made brighter in the present war, you cannot fail. 
I name no one, lest I wrong others by omission. To all, from 
rear admiral to honest Jack, I tender the nation's admiration and 

S ratitude - -A. Lincoln." 

27. Recitation — " Lincoln's Passing-Bell," by Lucy Larcom. 

28. The last telegram of all, written after the fall of Richmond, 
and Lincoln's visit to it, is dated April 12, 1865, two days before 
his assassination. It is addressed to General Weitzel, command- 
ing at Richmond, and relates to the assumption by Judge Camp- 
bell that President Lincoln had called the insurgent Legislature 
of Virginia together as the rightful Legislature of the State, " to 
settle all differences with the United States." " I have done no 
such thing," he says, and forbids such an assemblage. 

29. Recitation — " Revisited," 1865. Whittier. 

III. Display of, and talks upon, the autographs brought by 
pupils. 

12. THE EARTH THROUGH A MICROSCOPE. 

Prepare a collection of minerals, seeds, shells, insects, and 
woods ; pressed wild flowers ; different kinds of leaves, grasses, 
lichens, ferns ; aquariums. 

Provide each pupil with a microscope, if possible. Let him 
examine some object in the collection, very carefully, both with 
the naked eye and the microscope. Then let him describe orally 
the contrast. A written description may follow. 

13. AN OBSERVATION LESSON. 

Ask each boy and girl to bring to the schoolroom a few com- 
mon things, such as household utensils, vegetables, fruit, books, 
etc. Arrange one hundred articles on a table in a side room 
apart from the schoolroom. Allow the children to go in one at a 
time and spend thirty seconds looking at the table. When they 
return, ask them to write a list of all the things they saw. This 
will afford an excellent exercise in observation. To make it more 
interesting, the school may be divided into two sections, as in a 
spelling-match. In placing the articles, be particular to leave out 



12 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

things the names of which are likely to be interpreted differently 
by the pupils. The idea of the exercise is not to see how many 
names the children can write, but to test their ability in seeing 
things at which they look. 

14. HOURS WITH AMERICAN AND ENGLISH 
POETS AND NOVELISTS. 
I. Quotation Studies. 

The quotations must be given out a week in advance, the author 
ascertained, the quotation explained and committed to memory, 
and a brief biography of the author written. . 

1. "Next to the originator of a good sentence is the first 
quoter of it." 

2. " Who will not mercy unto others show, 

How can he mercy ever hope to have ? " 

3. " To tell a falsehood is like the cut of a sabre ; for, though 
the wound may heal, the scar of it will remain." 

4. " Good name in man or woman 

Is the immediate jewel of their souls." 

5. " Borrow neither money nor time from your neighbor ; both 
are of equal value." 

6. " Do what conscience says is right ; 

Do what reason says is best ; 
Do with all your mind and might ; 
Do your duty and be blest." 

7. " Bad manners are a species of bad morals." 

8. " Be noble ! and the nobleness that lies 

In other men, sleeping, but never dead, 
Will rise in majesty to meet thine own." 

9. " Our lives are albums, written through 

With good or ill, with false or true ; 
And as the blessed angels turn 

The pages of our years, 
God grant they read the good with smiles, 

And blot the ill with tears." 

10. "Do my best all round: keep good company, read good 
books, love good things, and cultivate soul and body as faithfully 
and wisely as I can." 

What life lesson does each of these quotations teach ? 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTFRNOONS. 13 

II. Have each pupil make an alphabetical selection of quotations 

from the writings of — 

Whittier. George William Curtis. 

Lowell. Louisa Alcott. 

Longfellow. Phillips Brooks. 

Holmes. Howells. 

III. Select ten quotations concerning each of the following sub- 

jects : — 

Ambition. Greatness. 

Behavior. Hope. 

Cheerfulness. Immortality. 

Courtesy. Lowliness. 

Enthusiasm. Obedience. 

IV. Anecdotes of Authors. 

Have each pupil find an anecdote each of jive different authors, 
ovjive anecdotes of the same author. Use appropriate poems and 
songs. 

V. An Afternoon with Longfellow. 

1. Song — " Excelsior." 

2. Becitations — 

" The Wreck of the Hesperus." 
" The Old Clock on the Stairs." 

3. Song— "The Bridge." 

4. Kecitation from " The Courtship of Miles Standish." 

I. LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP. 

Miles Standish. When you have finished your work, I have 
something important to tell you. 
Be not however in haste ; I can wait ; I shall not be impatient ! 
John Alden. Speak ; for whenever you speak, I am always 
ready to listen, 
Always ready to hear whatever pertains to Miles Standish. 

Standish. J Tis not good for a man to be alone, say the Scriptures. 
This I have said before, and again and again I repeat it. 
Every hour in the day I think it, and feel it, and say it. 
Since Bose Standish died, my life has been weary and dreary; 
Sick at heart have I been, beyond the healing of friendship. 
Oft in my lonely hours have I thought of the maiden Priscilla. 
Long have I cherished the thought, but never have dared to 
reveal it, 



14 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

Being a coward in this, though valiant enough for the most part. 

Go to the damsel Priscilla, the loveliest maiden of Plymouth ; 

Say that a blunt old Captain, a man not of words but of actions, 

Offers his hand and his heart, the hand and heart of a soldier. 

Not in these words, you know, but this in short is my meaning ; 

I am a maker of war, and not a maker of phrases. 

You, who are bred as a scholar, can say it in elegant language, 

Such as you read in your books of the pleadings and wooings of 
lovers, 

Such as you think best adapted to win the heart of a maiden. 
Alden. Such a message as that, I am sure I should mangle and 
mar it ; 

If you should have it well done, — I am only repeating your 
maxim, — 

You must do it yourself, you must not leave it to others ! 

Standish. Truly the maxim is good, and I do not mean to gain- 
say it ; 

Now, as I said before, I was never a maker of phrases. 

I can march up to a fortress, and summon the place to surrender, 

But march up to a woman with such proposal, I dare not. 

I'm not afraid of bullets, nor shot from the mouth of a cannon, 

But of a thundering ' No ! ' point-blank from the mouth of a 
woman, 

That I confess I'm afraid of, nor am I ashamed to confess it ; 

Though I have spoken thus lightly, yet deep is the feeling that 
prompts me ; 

Surely you cannot refuse what I ask in the name of our friend- 
ship ? 
Alden. The name of friendship is sacred ; 

What you demand in that name I have not the power to deny 
you. 

II. THE EEEAND. 

Priscilla. I knew it was you, when I heard your step in the 
passage ; 
For I was thinking of you as I sat there singing and spinning. 

I have been thinking all day, 

Dreaming all night, and thinking all day, of hedge-rows of Eng- 
land, — 

They are in blossom now, and the country is all like a garden ; 

Thinking of lanes and fields, and the song of the lark and the 
linnet, 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 15 

Seeing the village street, and familiar faces of neighbors 
Going about as of old, and stopping to gossip together. 
Kind are the people I live with, and dear to me my religion; 
Still nvy heart is so sad, that I wish myself back in Old England. 

Alden. Indeed, I do not condemn you ; 
Stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter. 
Yours is tender and trusting, and needs a stronger to lean on ; 
So I have come to you now, with an offer and proffer of marriage 
Made by a good man and true, Miles Standish, the Captain of 

Plymouth. 
Priscilla. If the great Captain of Plymouth is so very eager to 

wed me, 
Why does he not come himself, and take the trouble to woo me ? 
If I am not worth the wooing, I surely am not worth the winning. 
Alden. The Captain is rot a maker of phrases, but a maker of 

war. 
Then, too, he is busy and has no time for such things. 

Priscilla. Has no time for such things, as you call it, before he 

is married ; 
Would he be likely to find it, or make it, after the wedding ? 
That is the way with you men; you don't understand us — you 

cannot. 
When you have made up your minds, after thinking of this one 

and that one, 
Choosing, selecting, rejecting, comparing one with another, 
Then you make known your desire, with abrupt and sudden 

avowal. 
Had he but waited a while, had he only showed that he loved me, 
Even this Captain of yours — who knows ? — at last might have 

won me, 
Old and rough as he is ; but now it never can happen. 

Alden. Truly a wonderful man is Miles Standish. 
Many battles has he fought in Flanders. Courage and skill he has, 
Suffering affliction with the people of God ; 

In return for his zeal, they have made him Captain, of Plymouth;. 
He is a gentleman born, can trace his pedigree plainly 
Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall, in Lancashire, England. 
Though rough, he is kindly ; somewhat hasty and hot, I cannot 

deny. 
Any woman in Plymouth, nay, any woman in England, 
Might be happy and proud to be called the wife of Miles Standish. 
Priscilla. Why don't you speak for yourself, John ? 

[The teacher must thoroughly study the poem for the dramatic situations.] 



16 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

5. Song — " The Day is Done." , 

6. Becitation — " Paul Eevere's Bide." 

VI. Goldsmith and His Associates. 

1. A short biography of Goldsmith, combined with his own 
descriptions in " Deserted Village." 

2. His Characteristics. 

3. Description of Green Arbor Court. 

4. His relations with — 

Johnson. Gibbon. 

Garrick. Beynolds. 

Burke. 

5. The dinners of the " Literary Club." 

6. History of the poem " Eetaliation." 

7. Autograph Letters. 

8. Anecdotes of Him and His Friends. 

9. The Success of the " Good-Natured Man." 

10. His Death. 

11. Selections from his "Works. 

[Read Irving' s Biography of Goldsmith.] 

VII. Shakespeare on Temperance. 

Each pupil will prepare an essay upon the subject, giving all 
the quotations from Shakespeare. 

15. PEOPLES OF THE 'WORLD, AND THEIR 
LANGUAGES. 

1. Subjects for Discussion : — 

The Early Home of Man. 

The Great Eaces. 

Their Chief Characteristics. 

Emigrations. 

Why we Talk. 

The Tower of Babel. 

The Different Kinds of Languages. 

The Growth of Language. 

Uses of Language. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 17 

2. Selections from Different Languages. 

3. Pictures and Costumes of Different Peoples. 

4. Dialects. 

5. Slang Phrases. 

16. THE "WORLD OF INVENTION. 

I. What relation do these men bear to the World of Invention ? 

Eobert Kaikes. Cyrus W. Field. 

James Watt. Thomas A. Edison. 

S. F. B. Morse. Alexander G. Bell. 

II. Give the discoverer and history of the following inventions : 

Nautical Inventions. Telescope. 

Gunpowder. Microscope. 

Cotton-Gin. Steam Engine. 

Clocks. Steam Navigation. 

Printing. Household Utensils. 

Barometer. Electricity. 

17. ACROSS THE SEA. 

I. The Famous Courts of Europe in the Past. 
II. The Courts of Continental Europe To-day. 

III. Cathedral England. 

Study English Cathedral Architecture and the great Cathedral 
Towns, with incidental mention of any interesting facts concerning 
the country travelled over in passing from one town to another. 

IV. Here and There. 

1. In the Arctic Begions. 

The Last Expedition. 

What Woman has ever Lived There ? 

[Eead " Wonders of the Polar World," by Herman Dieck.] 

2. Climbing the Alps. 

3. The Black Forest. 

[Mrs. A. L. Wister's Translations.] 

4. An Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. 

5. Woman's Explorations in Africa. 

6. The Lakes of Killarney. 



18 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



V. Under Italian Skies. 




1. New York to Genoa — 


" The Voyage," by Irving. 


2. Naples. 


5. Italian Lakes. 


3. Eome. 


6. Milan. 


4. Florence. 


7. The Fall of Italy. 



[Mrs. Browning's Poems, and Longfellow's "Poems of Places."] 

YI. Yenice — the easiest city to visit, without going there, on 
account of the abundance of books and pictures upon the 
subject. 



Objects of Interest. 






The Sido. 


Piazza San Marco. 




Armenian Monastery. 


Arcades at Florians. 




Italia — Man-of-war. 


High Mass at St. Mark's. 




Passages and Bridges. 


Mode of Conveyance. 




Islands — 


Yenetian — 




Tocello. 


Point Lace. 




Murano. 


Coins. 




Boramo. 


Cameos. 




The City by Moonlight. 


Glass. 


VII. 


Bits of India. 




1. 


Island of Ceylon. 
Kandian Mountains. 
Bombay. 
Allahabed. 




2. 


Hindu Festivals on the Banks of the Jumna Biver. 


3. 


Calcutta. 




4. 


Benares. 






Curious Monkey Temple, 


and Shrine of Yenerated Coins. 


5. 


Lucknow. 




6. 


Agra. 





The Glory of India. The Hall of Audience. 

The Taj Mahal. The Marble Zenanas. 

The Pearl Musjids. 

7. Futtehpore Sikri, the Versailles of India. 

8. Delhi. 10. Amber. 

9. Jeypore. 

VIII. London Literary Landmarks. 

Give the London associations connected with each of the names 
in the following lists, also some selection. 






FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



19 



First List. 
Addison. 

Robert Browning. 
Elizabeth B. Browning. 
Thomas Campbell. 
Daniel De Foe. 
George Eliot. 
Benjamin Franklin. 
Oliver Goldsmith. 
Nathaniel Hawthorne. 
Samuel Johnson. 



Second List. 
Walter Besant. 
Lord Byron. 
Thomas Carlyle. 
Charles Dickens. 
Disraeli. 
Gower, Poet. 
Thomas Hood. 
Ben Jonson. 
Macanlay. 
Mrs. Oliphant. 



Tiiikd List. 
Edmund Burke. 
Coleridge. 
Cowper. 
Dryden. 
Milton. 

Thomas Moore. 
Raleigh. 
Shakespeare. 
Spenser. 
Thackeray. 



18. GENERAL INFORMATION LESSON. 

I. Bring articles representing the different kingdoms, and tell 
the story of each. 



II. Topics of the Day. 
Immigration. 
The Indian Question. 
The Negro Question. 
The Chinese Question. 
The Great Strikes. 
Our Coast Defences. 



Tariff. 

Civil Service Reform. 

International Law. 

Trial by Jury. 

The Laxity of Law. 

The Decay of Veneration. 



III. The Great Plagues of the World. 

IV. The Mints of Our Country. 

V. Women's Colleges. 

VI. The Story of — 
Wheat. 
Tobacco. 
Cotton. 

VII. World's Fair Notes. 



Rice. 


Peanuts. 


Corn. 


Sweet-potatoes 


Bananas. 


Pineapples. 



19. OUR MANUFACTURES. 



1. Classes of Manufactures. 

2. Commercial Manufactures. 

3. Local Manufactures. 

4. Special Manufactures. 

Cotton and Woolen Goods. 
Tin. Wire. 



Paper. 



Ice. 






20 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

5. Our Jewels. 7. Chief Exports and Imports. 

6. The McKinley Bill. 8. Musical Instruments. 

9. Food Products. 
10. The Growth of Manufactures. 

20. 'WORDS AND DEEDS OF HEROES. 
" It is the surmounting of dimcrdties that makes heroes." 

— Kossuth. 

Each pupil must select his hero, and then make a book con- 
cerning him, upon water-color paper. This book must contain a 
record of his principal deeds, a few simple facts concerning his 
life, appropriate quotations, poems, and songs, and sketches. 

21. AN AUSTRALIAN RAMBLE. 

1. Australia's Age. 3. A Kangaroo Hunt. 

2. Her Natural Wonders. 4. The Birds of Australia. 

5. Beadings from " The Lark in the Gold Fields," by Charles 
Keade. 

6. Who are the Australians ? 

22. OUT-OF-DOOR GAMES. 

1. "Talks." 

Antiquity of Sport. 

Ancient Games. 

National Games. 

Uses of Games. 

Contrast between Savage and Civilized Games. 

2. The Chinese Feast of Kites. 

3. Illustrate one or more of the following games by a parlor 
contest : — 

Baseball. Lawn Tennis. 

Football. Archery. 

Cricket. Marbles. 

4. The Jewish Boxing-Bing. 

5. A Game of Battledore and Shuttlecock. 

6. Tennyson's " Skipping Bope." 

[Given by a little girl and boy. ] 

7. The History of the "Derby." 

8. Beading, "The Chariot Bace," from "Ben Hur." 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 21 

9. Athletics. 

(1) Potato Race. (10) Three-legged Eace. 

(2) Standing High Jump. (11) Obstacle Race. 

(3) — Yards Dash. (12) — Feet Walk. 

(4) — Feet Run. (13) Pole Vault. 

(5) Standing Long Jump. (14) Sack Race. 

(6) Baseball Throwing. (15) Wheelbarrow Race. 

(7) Hammer Throw. (16) Doughnut Race. 

(8) Running Long Jump. (17) Tug of War. 

(9) Running High Jump. 

23. A GEOGRAPHICAL WALK. 

This walk may extend from the schoolhouse or home of the 
pupil in any direction which is richest in material to the pupil. 

A record of what is seen must be kept and a report made, 
showing specimens and drawings. 

24. HISTORICAL RECREATIONS. 

I. Dress and Details of 1776. 
II. Welsh Superstitions. 

III. The Black Prince. 

IV. The Spanish Conquest. 

[Bead " A Fair God," by Lew Wallace.] 
V. In Old New-England Days. 

1. The Struggle of the Early Colonists. 

2. Early Indian Traditions. 

3. Display of Antique Objects. 

4. Salem Witchcraft. 

5. Influence of the Clergy upon the Society of the Times. 

6. Puritan Sabbaths. 

7. The Advantages of Our Grandparents. 

8. Our Town Legends. 

9. The History of the Town Meeting. 

[See Harper's Monthly for September, 1892.] 
10. Voices from the Old Burying-Grounds. 
[Read Jane Austen's books.] 

VI. The Land of Scott. 

1. Recitation — " Edina," by Burns. 



22 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

2. Edinburgh Seventy Years Ago. 

3. Memories of the Old Scottish Centuries. Give legends of 
its streets, its alleys, and its individual " lands." 

4. Selections from " The Scottish Chiefs." 

5. The Literary Stars at the Time of Burns' Visit. 

6. The Scottish Clans (show plaids). 

7. Scott's Love for His Country. 

8. Eeading — " Jeanie Deans and Queen Caroline," Scott. 

[Read " Sir Gibbie," " St. George and St. Michael."] 

VII. A Picture Book of 1789. 

This book may contain portraits of prominent individuals of 
that year, pictures of places, and records of important events 
arranged logically, with short notes. 

I. French B evolution. 
II. American Situation. 

Inauguration of Washington. 
Constitutional Amendments. 
Hamilton and the Tariff. 
Interesting oral exercises may be made from these books. 

25. ON A RANCH IN TEXAS. 

1. Natural Besources of the State. 

2. The Kinds of Banches. 

3. Compare a Banch and a Barm. 

4. A Typical Cowboy. 

5. Trying a Mexican Pony. 

6. Coralling. 

7. A Stampede. 

8. Becitation — " Lasca." 

9. What has Banch Life done for Our Country ? 

26. GREAT BATTLES OF THE WORLD. 

I. Battle-Fields of '61. 

Port Sumter. Memphis. 

Bull Bun. Yorktown. 

Bich Mountain. Williamsburg. 

Wilson's Creek. Shenandoah. 

Shiloh. Malvern Hill. 
New Orleans. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 2^ 

II. Battles in Verse. 

1. "All clay long the noise of battle rolM 

Among the mountains by the winter sea." 

— Scott. 

2. Essay, « The Eoll Call." 

3. " The Battle," by Schiller. 

4. " A Vision of Battle," by S. Dobell. 

5. " Fontenoy," by Thomas Davis. 

6. " Address of Leonidas," by Richard Glover. 

7. " The Besieged Castle," by Scott. 

8. " The Pilot," by J. B. Gough. 

9. " Bingen on the Rhine." 

10. " The Relief of Lucknow," by Robert Lowell. 

11. " The Battle of Gettysburg." — [100 Choice Selections.] 

12. " The Battle of Flodden Field," by Scott. 

13. " The Battle of Lookout Mountain." — [100 Choice Selections.] 

14. " Horatius at the Bridge." 

15. " The Battle of Ivry." 

16. " The Polish Boy." 

17. " The Drummer Boy." 

18. " Come up from the Fields, Father ! " by Walt Whitman. 

19. " At the Grindstone ; or, A Home View of the Battle-Field," 
by Robert Buchanan. 

20. " The Fate of Macgregor," by James Hogg. 

. 21. " The Old Sergeant," by Forceythe Willson. 

22. " After the Battle." — [lOO Choice Selections.] 

23. " Searching for the Slain." — [lOO Choice Selections.] 

24. " The Angels of Buena Vista," by Whittier. 

25. " War's End," by A. Melville Bell. 

26. " Death Makes All Men Brothers." — [100 Choice Selections.] 

III. Decisive Battles of the World. 

1. Battle of Marathon, 490 b.c. 

2. Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse, 413 b.c 

3. " The Romans knew not, and could not know, how deeply 
the greatness of their own posterity and the fate of the whole 
Western world were involved in the destruction of the fleet of 
Athens in the harbor of Syracuse. Had that great expedition 
proved victorious, the energies of Greece during the next eventful 



24 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

century would have found their field in the West no less than in 
the East ; Greece, and not Rome, might have conquered Carthage ; 
Greek instead of Latin might have been at this day the principal 
element of the language of Spain, of France, and of Italy ; and 
the laws of Athens, rather than of Rome, might be the foundation 
of the law of the civilized world." — Arnold. 

4. The Battle of Arbela, 331 b.c. 

5. " Alexander deserves the glory which he has enjoyed for so 
many centuries and among all nations ; but what if he had been 
beaten at Arbela, having the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the deserts 
in his rear, without any strong place of refuge, nine hundred 
leagues from Macedonia ! " —napoleon. 

6. " Asia beheld with astonishment and awe the uninterrupted 
progress of a hero, the sweep of whose conquests was as wide and 
rapid as that of her own barbaric kings, or of the Scythian or 
Chaldean hordes ; but, far unlike the transient whirlwinds of 
Asiatic warfare, the advance of the Macedonian leader was no 
less deliberate than rapid ; at every step the Greek power took 
root, and the language and the civilization of Greece were planted 
from the shores of the iEgean to the banks of the Indus, from the 
Caspian and the great Hyrcanian plain to the cataracts of the 
Nile ; to exist actually for nearly twenty-five hundred years, and 
in their effects to endure forever." — Arnold. 

7. Battle of the Metaurus, 207 b.c. 

8. " The consul Nero, who made the unequalled march which 
deceived Hannibal and defeated Hasdrubal, thereby accomplishing 
an achievement almost unrivaled in military annals. The first 
intelligence of his return, to Hannibal, was the sight of Hasdru- 
bal's head thrown into his camp. When Hannibal saw it he 
exclaimed with a sigh, that Rome would now be the mistress of 
the world. To this victory of Nero's it might be owing that 
his imperial namesake reigned at all. But the infamy of one has 
eclipsed the glory of the other. When the name of Nero is heard, 
who thinks of the consul ? But such are human things." 

— Byron. 

9. Victory of Arminius over the Roman Legions under Varus. 

9 A.D. 

10. A short Sketch of Arminius, the Liberator of the German 
Race. 

" The deeds he did, the fields he won, 
The freedom he restored." 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 25 

11. Recitation, " Arminius to Flavius," by Praed. 



Back, back ! he fears not foaming flood 

Who fears not steel-clad line ; 
No warrior thou of German blood, 

No brother thou of mine. 
Go, earn Rome's chain to load thy neck, 

Her gems to deck thy hilt ; 
And blazon honor's hapless wreck 

With all the gauds of guilt. 

n. 

But wouldst thou have me share the prey ? 

By all that I have done, 
The Varian bones that day by day 

Lie whitening in the sun, 
The legion's trampled panoply, 

The eagle's shatter'd wing — 
I would not be for earth or sky 

So scorn'd and mean a thing. 



Ho, call me here the wizard, boy, 

Of dark and subtle skill, 
To agonize, but not destroy, 

To torture, not to kill ; 
When swords are out, to shriek and shout 

Leave little room for prayer ; 
No fetter on man's arm or heart 

Hangs half so heavy there. 

IV. 

I curse him by the gifts the land 

Hath won from him to Rome, 
The riving axe, the wasting brand, 

Rent forest, blazing home. 
I curse him by our country's gods, 

The terrible, the dark, 
The breakers of the Roman rods, 

The smiters of the bark. 



26 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

v. 

Oh, misery that such a ban 

On such a brow should be ! 
Why comes he not in battle's van 

His country's chief to be ? 
To stand a comrade by my side, 

The sharer of my fame, 
And worthy of a brother's pride 

And of a brother's name ? 

VI. 

But it is past ! when heroes press 

And cowards bend the knee, 
Arminius is not brotherless, 

His brethren are the free ; 
They come around ! one hour, and light 

Will fade from turf to tide ; 
Then onward, onward to the fight, 

With darkness for our guide. 

VII. 

To-night, to-night, when we shall meet 

In combat face to face, 
Then only would Arminius greet 

The renegade's embrace. 
The canker of Rome's guilt shall be 

Upon his dying name ; 
And as he lived in slavery, 

So shall he fall in shame. 

12. Battle of Chalons, 451 a.d. 

13. " The discomfiture of the mighty attempt of Attila to found 
a new anti-Christian dynasty upon the wreck of the temporal 
power of Rome, at the end of the term of 1200 years, to which its 
duration had been limited by the forebodings of the heathen." 

— Herbert. 

14. Battle of Tours, 732 a.d. 

15. " The events that rescued our ancestors of Britain and our 
neighbors of Gaul from the civil and religious yoke of the Koran." 

— Gibbon. 

16. Recitation, Southey's "Roderick." 

17. Battle of Hastings, 1066 a.d. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 27 

18. "Harold's Oath," from Tennyson. 

19. Joan of Arc's victory over the English at Orleans, 1429 

A.D. 

20. " The eyes of all Europe were turned toward this scene, 
where it was reasonably supposed the French were to make their 
last stand for maintaining the independence of their monarchy 
and the rights of their sovereign." —Hume. 

21. " Speech of Joan," from Southey. 

22. Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588 a.d. 

23. "In that memorable year, when the dark cloud gathered 
round our coasts, when Europe stood by in fearful suspense to 
behold what should be the result of that great cast in the game 
of human politics, what the craft of Borne, the power of Philip, 
the genius of Farnese could achieve against the island-queen, 
with her Drakes and Cecils — in that agony of the Protestant 
faith and English name." — Hallam. 

24. One of Elizabeth's Speeches regarding this Conflict. 

25. Battle of Blenheim, 1704 a.d. 

26. " The decisive blow struck at Blenheim resounded through 

every part of Europe ; it at once destroyed the vast fabric of 

power which it had taken Louis XIV., aided by the talents of 

Turenne and the genius of Vauban, so long to construct." 

— Alison. 

27. Battle of Pultowa, 1709 a.d. 

28. "Dread Pultowa's day, 
When fortune left the royal Swede. 

Around a slaughtered army lay, 

No more to combat and to bleed ; 
The power and fortune of the war 
Had passed to the triumphant Czar." — Byron. 

29. Victory of Americans over Burgoyne at Saratoga, 1777 a.d. 

30. " Westward the course of empire takes its way ; 

The first four acts already past. 

A fifth shall close the drama with the day ; 

Time's noblest offspring is its last." 

—Bishop Berkeley. 

31. Battle of Valmy, 1792 a.d. 

32. " A little fire is quickly trodden out, 

Which, being suffered, rivers cannot quench." 

— Shakespeare. 



28 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

33. The Battle of Waterloo, 1815 a.d. 

34. " Thou first and last of fields, king-making victory ! " 

— Byron. 

35. Kecitation — " The Battle of Waterloo." 



27. AMONG THE MINES. 

1. What is a Mine ? 

2. The Great Mines of the World. 

3. Kinds of Mining. 

4. The Discovery of a New Mine. 

5. Leading United States Silver Mines. 

Leadville, Colo. 
Granite Mountain, Mont. 
Park City, Utah. 

6. Life in a Mining Camp. 

7. Hoav Silver is Made. 

8. Down in a Mine. 

9. Mammoth Gold Veins in Park County, Colo. 

10. Terms used in Mining. 

11. Military Mines. 

12. Display of Pictures. 

13. The Ups and Downs of Mines. 

[Read " Bits of Travel," by " H. H.," and " Roughing It," by Mark Twain.] 

28. GREAT "WOMEN. 

"Earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected." 

— LcnvELL. 

I. The Great Queens. 

II. Helen of Troy. 

III. The Women who have made England Famous. 

IV. The Leaders of the Salons of France. 
V. The Artists of the World. 

VI. The Heroines of the " Mayflower.'^ 

VII. The Daughters of the Eevolution. 

VIII. The First American Poetess. 

IX. The Women of This Decade. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOON'S. 29 

X. Name Jive prominent women in each of the following 
vocations : — 

Novelist. Preacher. 

Lecturer. Traveller. 

Scientist. Poet. 

Journalist. Artist. 

Teacher. Benefactor. 

XL A Toast to Our Mothers. 

1. A Picture. 

" When you have done 

"With woods and cornfields and grazing herds, 
A lady, the loveliest ever the sun 

Looked down upon, you must paint for me ; 

Oh, if I only could make you see 
The clear blue eyes, the tender smile, 

The sovereign sweetness, the gentle grace, 

The woman's soul and the angel's face 
That are beaming on me all the while ! — 
I need not speak these foolish words ; 

Yet one word tells you all I would say, - — 
She is my mother : you will agree 

That all the rest may be thrown away." 

—From Alice Cart's "An Order for a Picture." 

2. What We Owe Them. 

3. The Mothers of History. 

4. Kecitation — « The Knight's Toast." 

5. Sayings of and Tributes to Mothers by Noted Men. 

6. How We Can Honor Them. 

29. A DEBATING CLUB. 

At the first general meeting for the establishment of the class, 
the title of the society should be resolved upon, laws of debate 
agreed to, and a secretary elected to keep the minutes of the 
meeting. 

General meetings should be held half-yearly to confirm, amend, 
or extend the laws, and to elect or re-elect the secretary. At ordi- 
nary meetings, after the election of the chairman from amongst 
the members, the secretary should read the minutes of the pre- 
vious meeting. When the minutes are confirmed, then the chair- 
man must call on the one who is to open the debate to address 



30 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

the meeting ; then it is nsnal for the seconder to speak, and 
afterwards the other members at their pleasure. When all have 
spoken, the chairman calls upon the opener for a reply, and after 
that the question is put by the chair and decided by a show of 
hands. Then the question to be discussed at the next meeting is 
proposed, seconded, and agreed upon. The class then adjourns. 

A FEW SIMPLE RULES. 

No member is allowed to speak twice except the opener, or one 
in explanation. 

The opener has no right to introduce fresh argument into his 
reply. 

The chairman cannot speak unless he quits the chair, nor can 
he vote unless the numbers be equal. 

Limit each speaker to a particular time ; say ten minutes. The 
opener may have fifteen minutes. 

If all do not have time to speak, the subject may be continued 
at the adjourned meeting, the mover of the adjournment, or the 
seconder in the mover's absence, reopening the discussion. 

30. A LITERARY SOCIETY. 

Have only a few officers : — 

President. 

Vice-President. 

Secretary. 

Make the rules of government simple. 

The following outline will suggest the work to be done and the 
manner of conducting the meetings : — 
Name, 

Organized for the purpose of 
Time of meeting, weekly. 
Order of exercises : — 

Calling meeting to order by president. 

Roll call, and reading minutes of previous meeting by secre- 
tary. 
Music. 
Recitation. 

Essay, by a member selected at the previous meeting, which 
takes fifteen minutes to read. Pour critics, appointed by 
the president, make each a five minutes' talk upon the 
subject of the essay. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 31 



Music. 

Eecess of ten minutes. 

Twenty minutes devoted to reading, by the editor of the 

paper of the club, composed largely of contributions from 

different members of the society. 
Announcement, by the president, of subject for debate. 
Four debaters consume each five minutes in discussing the 

subject. 
Music. 
Announcement of time, place, and essayist for next meeting ; 

adjournment. 
Any variations in the above may be made. 

31. A LIBRARY. 

Plan to get one by public entertainments, by private work on 
the part of each pupil, and by contributions. 

Discuss the sort of books wanted, and the care to be given 
them. 

Learn how books are made, and the terms used ; also how to 
catalogue and number them, 

32. A MUSEUM. 

Make cases from boxes and window-glass. Bring specimens 
such as are mentioned in Number 12, above. Label, number, and 
catalogue them with care. The specimens will furnish material 
for many " talks " and language lessons. 



32 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



PART II. 
SAMPLE OF BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES. 

Note. — Suggestions for conducting a biography exercise are given in 
Part I. of this book. We give here two brief biographies, simply as sam- 
ples. Very few school exercises can be made more interesting or more 
instructive. The inspiration which is gathered daily from the lives of great 
and good men is the inspiration which is to-day making greater and better 
men. 

33. CHARLES DICKENS. 

Charles Dickens was a great novelist, — one of the greatest the 
world has yet seen. He was born in Portsmouth, England, in 
1812, but spent his boyhood days in London. His father was a 
parliamentary reporter, and was anxious that his son should be 
a lawyer. We cannot regret this wish of his father's, when we 
remember those fine pictures of lawyer-life, ranging from deepest 
tragedy to broad, uproarious fun, which are scattered among the 
pages of " Pickwick." As a young man he became a reporter for 
London dailies. He sketched the varied life he saw, and his 
humorous and descriptive articles were soon popular reading 
throughout the country. The beginning of his fame dates from 
the publication of the unrivalled "Pickwick Papers," forming 
varied pictures of life, through which we follow the fortunes of 
the kind old bachelor, his three friends, and his attached ser- 
vant, — the inimitable Sam Weller. Then followed "Nicholas 
Nickleby," a tale crowded with finely drawn portraits and scenes 
of modern English life ; " Oliver Twist," in which some of the 
lowest and vilest forms of London life are painted with startling 
truthfulness ; and " Old Curiosity Shop," whose central figure, 
Little Nell, is one of the most exquisite creations of modern fiction. 
A few years later he produced "Martin Chuzzlewit," with the 
scoundrel Pecksniff and the immortal Sairy Gamp as interesting 
characters ; " Dombey and Son," a tale of a starched and purse- 
proud merchant ; " David Copperfield," the story of a young lit- 
erary man struggling up to fame, as Dickens himself had done ; 
" Bleak House," founded on the miseries of a suit in chancery ; 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 33 

and " Little Dorrit," depicting the touching devotion of a young 
girl to her selfish father, who is a prisoner for debt. Among all 
English-writing novelists there is perhaps none who addresses so 
large, so various, and so devoted an audience ; none comes so close 
to the great heart of humanity. Nor does this popularity wane 
as the years go by. Go where you will, — into the private libra- 
ries of great statesmen, or into the humblest cabin on the most 
distant prairie, and among books few or many, — you will find 
some of the familiar household titles which we have just enumer- 
ated. Of him, as of a great Teacher, it may truly be said that 
" the common people heard him gladly." Dickens died of apo- 
plexy in June, 1870. His fame is still growing wider and 
brighter because the spirit of all his work is the spirit of love, 
sympathy, and charity, — the hatred of evil and the love of good. 

34. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 

A huge and slovenly figure, clad in a greasy brown coat and 
coarse black worsted stockings, wearing a gray wig with scorched 
foretop, rolling in his arm-chair long past midnight, holding in a 
dirty hand his nineteenth cup of tea, with convulsive workings of 
the muscles round mouth and eyes, which accompany the puffs 
and snorts foreboding a coming storm of ponderous English talk. 
Such was the famous Dr. Samuel Johnson in his old age, when he 
had climbed from the most squalid cellars of Grub Street to the 
dictatorial throne of English criticism, — such the man who wrote 
" Rasselas " and " London," and who compiled the first great 
"English Dictionary." This celebrated son of a poor English 
bookseller was born in the autumn of 1709. The history of his 
early years tells of a continuous struggle to secure an education. 
Schools were not free then as now. Packing up his little stock 
of clothes and books, he set out, in 1736, for London. His was a 
hard and perilous path. He often wandered foot-sore all night 
through the streets, unable to hire the meanest shelter. Miseries 
of a like character were commonly endured by men of letters in 
Johnson's day. It took him seven years to complete his great 
Dictionary, for which he received about $8000. After twenty 
years of drudgery, Johnson's name was known throughout Eng- 
land. Burke, Garrick, Gibbon, Reynolds, Goldsmith, and many 
others of the first men in London, were his constant associates. 
Johnson's pomposity is famous. To say that a particular compo- 
sition is "Johnsonian" is to intimate that it has an abundance of 
large words. He had a noble and heroic nature beyond all con- 



34 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

troversy. There was no touch of meanness in him. Scarcely 
before had there appeared so thoughtful a sage, and so grave a 
moralist, with so agile and sportive a wit. He died in December, 
1784. The memory of other authors is kept alive by their works, 
but the memory of Johnson keeps many of his works alive. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 35 



PART III. 
RAINY DAY GAMES. 

Note. — There are times when it is not convenient for children to play 
out-of-doors. For such occasions the teacher should have a supply of interest- 
ing games in which all can engage. "We give a few samples here. See Friday 
afternoon suggestions on this subject in Part I. 

35. 

In the first place, desire a person to write secretly, in a line, 
any number of figures he may choose, and add them together as 
units. Having done this, tell him to subtract that sum from the 
line of figures originally set down. Then desire him to strike out 
any figure he pleases, and add the remaining figures in the line 
together as units (as in the first instance), and inform you of the 
result, when you will tell him the figure he struck out. 

Suppose, for example, the figures put down are 76542 ; these 
added together, as units make a total of 24 ; deduct 24 from the 
first line, and 76518 remain. Now if 5 be struck out, the total 
sum of the remaining figures will be 22. If 8 be struck out, 19 
will be the total. In order to ascertain what figure has been 
struck out, you make a mental sum one multiple of 9 higher than 
the total given. If 22 be given as the total, then 3 times 9 are 
27, and 22 from 27 shows that 5 was struck out. If 19 be given, 
that sum deducted from 27 shows 8. If in a larger list of figures 
the total should be, say 56, then 7 times 9 are 63, and 56 from 63 
would show 7 as the number crossed out. Should the total be an 
equal multiple of 9, as 18, 27, 36, then either 9 or has been 
expunged. 

36. 

Here is a play which affords a field for quick thinkers and 
good spellers, and gives slow thinkers and poor spellers a chance 
to improve by practice. It is an exercise, moreover, likely to 
increase one's vocabulary of words, and so increase the gift of 
language by testing it. Two words are given of an equal number 
of letters, and the problem is to change one to the other by alter- 



36 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



ing one letter at a time of the first so as to make a legitimate 
English word, continuing the alterations until the desired result 
is attained, and accomplishing this with the smallest number of 
changes. 

The conditions are that only one letter shall be allowed to form 
each new word, and that none but words which can be found in 
English dictionaries shall be used. Here are some examples of 
the changes : — 

East to West — East, vast, vest, west. 

Dog to Cat — Dog, cog, cot, cat. 

Soup to Fish — Soup, sour, pour, pout, post, past, fast, fist, fish. 

Road to Rail — Road, goad, goal, coal, coil, toil, tail, rail. 

Milk to Hash — Milk, milt, mist, mast, mash, hash. 

The game is becoming quite popular in family circles, and seems 
to furnish instruction with amusement. 



37. 

The tedium of a sea voyage is relieved in many ways, and in 
fair weather small groups of people are to be found on deck 
engaged in playing various games. Some of these games depend 
for excitement on the motion of the ship, but others afford con- 
siderable amusement on land as well as at sea. One game is 
played as follows : — 

A board 2 feet broad and 2 feet 8 inches long is divided into 
twelve squares, 8 by 8 inches, and the squares are marked as in the 

diagram. A six-inch strip should 
be nailed underneath the board at 
the top, so that when it rests on 
the floor it will incline towards the 
players, who stand about fifteen or 
twenty feet away. Eive little disks 
of lead, about two inches in diam- 
eter and one-fourth inch thick, cov- 
ered with leather or heavy canvas, 
are the implements of play. Each 
player in turn throws all five disks, 
and tries to land them in the squares 
which are marked with the higher 
numbers. The numbers are credited 
to the score of any one who throws 
a disk into their respective squares. The player first reaching 
100 on even turns, or making the most over 100 (in case of sev- 
eral reaching the limit on the same round), is winner. A disk 



8 


1 


3 


4 


10 


B 


5 


B 


9 


7 


2 


6 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 37 

on a line does not connt. A throw into either B takes off ten. 
By looking at the diagram, it will readily appear that anyone 
who wants a ten will have to run no little risk to secure it. 

38. 

Take a gold ring — the larger the better. Attach the ring to 
a silk thread about twelve inches long. Fasten the other end of 
the thread round the nail joint of you right fore-finger, and let 
the ring hang about half an inch above the surface of the table, on 
which you rest your elbow to steady your hand. Hold your finger 
horizontally, with the thumb thrown back as far as possible from 
the rest of the hand. If there be nothing on the table, the ring 
will soon become stationary. Place some silver, say three half- 
dollars, immediately below it, and the ring will begin to move 
backwards and forwards, to you and from you. Now bring your 
thumb in contact with your forefinger, and the movements of the 
ring will become transverse to their former swing. Or this may 
be effected by making a lady take hold of your disengaged hand. 
When the transverse motion is fairly established, let a gentleman 
take hold of the lady's disengaged hand, and the ring will change 
back to its former course. Instead of silver you can suspend the 
ring over your left forefinger with similar results. 



38 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 



PAET IV. 
SEARCH QUESTIONS. 

Note. — Select ten questions for an afternoon. Give them to the children 
fully a week in advance. Such exercises, handled judiciously, should do 
much to create a love for reading outside of the ordinary school-books. 

39. 

1. Name the present Governor- General of Canada, and give 
all the facts you can regarding the office and its present occupant. 

2. Name the present Prime Minister of Great Britain, and 
give all the biographical facts you can regarding this great leader. 

3. Who wrote — 

(1) "Jane Eyre"? 

(2) " The Heathen Chiuee " ? 

(3) " Barriers Burned Away " ? 

4. Name in order the Presidents of the United States since 
1870. 

5. Name in correct order the ten largest cities of the world. 

6. What great poets are living at present ? 

7. Name four noted American humorists. 

8. In what year and in what month was the great Chicago 
fire? 

9. Name the three greatest inventions since 1870. 

10. When and by whom was the art of printing invented ? ■ 

40. 

1. Name two poems in each of the following languages, and 
give their authors : — 

(1) German. (3) Latin. 

(2) English. (4) Greek. 

2. Name the colors of the rainbow. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 39 

3. Name the authors of — 

(1) " Robinson Crusoe." 

(2) " Gulliver's Travels." 

(3) " John Halifax, Gentleman." 

4. Give the real names of the following noted authors : — 

(1) Mark Twain. (4) Josh Billings. 

(2) A. L. 0. E. (5) Ouida. 

(3) Boz. 

5. Who invented (1) the steam engine ? (2) the railway- 
engine ? 

6. What change would make the temperate zone fifty degrees 
wide? 

7. Who is the United States Minister to Great Britain ? 

8. How many sides has the cell of a honey-comb ? 

9. Which way does a hop vine twine in growing ? 
10. For what is the island of St. Helena noted ? 



41. 

1. Of what is glass made ? 

2. Name three noted American poets who have died since 
1880. 

3. There is much more twilight in Winnipeg than in New 
Orleans. Explain why. 

4. Locate the following : — 

The Iron Gate. The White Sea. 

The Golden Gate. The Yellow Sea. 

The Golden Horn. The Black Sea. 
The Red Sea. 

5. Why does not the moon rise at the same time every even- 
ing? 

6. Name the authors of — 

(1) "Elsie Venner." (4) "Nicholas Nickleby." 

(2) "The Pilot." (5) "The Sketch-Book." 

(3) "Kenilworth." (6) "Dred." 

7. Name three famous statesmen who were assassinated. 

8. Give the names of three noted scientists of the present day. 



40 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

9. Who invented (1) the telephone ? (2) the sewing-machine? 
(3) electric light ? (4) the reaper ? 

10. Who is Florence Nightingale ? 

42. 

1. Who wrote " Evangeline " ? 

2. What is the chief ruler called in (1) Japan ? (2) Persia ? 
(3) Turkey ? (4) Eussia ? 

3. What is the maximum weight of a letter for which single 
postage is charged ? 

4. What is the greatest weight of books that can be mailed 
for twenty -one cents ? 

5. What do the words " E Pluribus Unum " mean ? 

6. Where did Longfellow live ? 

7. Name three great philanthropists of the United States. 

8. By what European nations were colonies first planted in 
South America ? 

9. What was George Eliot's real name ? 

10. Name the authors of the following works : — 

(1) " The Pilgrim's Progress." 

(2) " Robinson Crusoe." 

(3) " Vanity Pair." 

43. 

1. Name the states that formed the Union in 1775. 

2. Distinguish between blizzard, cyclone, and tornado. 

3. Tell something about each of the following persons : — 

(1) Robert Raikes. (4) Thomas A. Edison. 

(2) James Watt. (5) Alexander G. Bell. 

(3) S. F. B. Morse. 

4. Prom what country did the United States government pur- 
chase Alaska ? 

5. Name the three largest American cities west of the Missis- 
sippi. 

6. Who wrote " David Copperfield " ? 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 41 

7. Explain the meanings of majority, minority, quorum. 

8. Who is president of France ? 

9. What is meant by — 

(1) Cremation? (3) Civil Service? 

(2) Capital Punishment ? (4) Tariff? 

44. 

1. In what particulars is there a similarity in the careers of 
Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte ? 

2. What are the ordinary duties of — 

(1) A Janitor ? (4) A Steward ? 

(2) A Purser? (5) A Butler? 

(3) A Sexton ? 

3. Name the three most noted countries of ancient times. 

4. Give the names of three prominent secret or benevolent 
societies ? 

5. Explain the meaning of — 

(1) A Lien. (4) A Summons. 

(2) A Mortgage. (5) A Deed. 

(3) A Writ. 

6. Name the most noted illustrated magazines published in 
America. 

7. Who wrote "Home, Sweet Home" ? 

8. Name the authors of each of the following : — 

(1) " The Star in the Valley." 

(2) " The Outcasts of Poker Flat." 

(3) " Tom Sawyer." 

(4) " Locksley Hall." 

(5) " The Antiquary." 

9. How and when did Louisiana come into the possession of 
the United States ? 

10. Name a poem by each of the following poets : Pope, Words- 
worth, Bryant, Scott, Byron, and Hood. 

45. 

1. Name three novels by each of the following novelists: 
Dickens, Trollope, Scott, Tourgee, and Mrs. Stowe. 



42 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

2. Assign each of the following to its respective author : — 

(1) " Bricks without Straw." (3) " Tarn o' Shanter." 

(2) "Nicholas Nickleby." (4) "The Gilded Age." 

(5) "Never Too Late to Mend." 

3. To what country did each of the following writers belong ? 

(1) Victor Hugo. 

(2) Schiller. 

(3) Sir Walter Scott. 

(4) Homer. 

(5) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 

(6) Chaucer. 

(7) Josephus. 

(8) Shakespeare. 

(9) Edgar Allan Poe. 

4. Name the three states that produce the most — 

(1) Wheat. (3) Cotton. 

(2) Tobacco. (4) Corn. 

5. Who was David Livingstone ? 

6. Name two steamship lines connecting New York and 
Liverpool. 

7. Name four noted women now living ? 

8. Write short essays on the following subjects : — 

(1) Home Eule. (2) Strikes. (3) The Chinese. 

9. Which of the following countries are republics, which 
monarchies, and which dependencies of other governments ? 

(1) United States. (13) Belgium. 

(2) Canada. (14) France. 

(3) Mexico. (15) Switzerland. 

(4) Honduras. (16) Algeria. 

(5) Nicaragua. (17) Mozambique. 

(6) Brazil. (18) Natal. 

(7) Peru. (19) China. 

(8) Bolivia. (20) Cochin China. 

(9) Chili. (21) Borneo. 

(10) Cuba. (22) Fiji Islands. 

(11) Iceland. (23) Australia. 

(12) Denmark. (24) Ceylon. 
10. Name three poems written by — 

(1) Sir Walter Scott. (2) Kobert Burns. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 43 

46. 

1. Give the common names of (1) sodium chloride, (2) sul- 
phuric acid, (3) carbonate of lime. 

2. Name two noted African explorers. 

3. Name three great historians. 

4. In what direction will a shadow be cast at noon on the 
twenty-third of September at — 

(1) Quito? (2) Mexico? (3) Chicago? 

5. Does the north pole incline towards the sun, or from it, on 
the twenty -first of June ? 

6. Through what states will a straight line from Toronto to 
Galveston pass ? 

7. What Canadian city is most strongly fortified? 

8. Name the authors of — 

(1) " Paradise Lost." 

(2) « The ^neid." 

(3) "The Iliad." 

9. Explain the cause of the ocean tides. 

10. Name the authors of the following poems : — 

(1) " The Cotter's Saturday Night." 

(2) « The Old Clock on the Stair." 

(3) " Betsy and I are Out." 

(4) " The Eaven." 

(5) "The Heathen Chinee." 

47. 

1. Name three great Shakespearian characters. 

2. What language is most generally spoken in South America ? 

3. Name the leading railway lines that cross the Rocky 
mountains. 

4. Name the largest city of Australia. 

5. Describe the shortest water route between Duluth and San 
Francisco. 

6. Can the citizens of Washington vote ? If not, why not ? 

7. In exactly what way does clothing keep the body warm ? 



44 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

8. Does water belong to the animal, vegetable, or mineral 
kingdom ? 

9. Name orfe important poem by each of the following authors : 

(1) Burns. (6) Shelley. 

(2) Scott. (7) Byron. 

(3) Goldsmith. (8) Longfellow. 

(4) Cowper. (9) Holmes. 

(5) Wordsworth. (10) Hemans. 

48. 

1. Name the Province of the Dominion which — 

(1) Is the largest. 

(2) Contains the largest city. 

(3) Has the longest seacoast. 

(4) Has the longest lake coast. 

(5) Is the most mountainous. 

2. How do the following foods grow ? Peanuts, pineapples, 
rice, bananas, sweet-potatoes, oysters. 

3. Explain fully the difference between the telegraph and 
the telephone. 

4. How and from what country did the United States secure 
Texas ? 

5. In what books do the following names represent characters ? 

Becky Sharp. Eva St. Clair. 

Mr. Pecksniff. Captain Cuttle. 

Sam Weller. Hester Prynne. 

Uriah Heep. Dick Swiveller. 

Dina Morris. Sairy Gamp. 

6. What three countries have the most extensive territory ? 

7. The services of what classes of tradesmen are required in 
building a good brick house ? 

8. What material is used to make — 

(1) Print? (3) Satin. 

(2) Muslin? (4) Flannel. 

9. Name what you consider to be the ten leading commercial 
centres of the United States. 

10. Name ten large cities, the names of each of which begin 
with the letter B. 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 45 

49. 

1. Explain the meaning of each of the following foreign 
phrases : — 

Anno Domini. Dieu et mon droit. 

Au revoir. Sine die. 

2. Give the year of each of the following battles : — 

Bannockburn. 

Waterloo. 

Gettysburg. 

3. What is the ordinary length of life of an elephant ? a 
horse ? an ox ? a cat ? a dog ? a sheep ? 

4. Who was the Democratic candidate when Garfield was 
elected ? 

5. Name five defeated candidates for the Presidency. 

6. Why does a blacksmith make the tire of the wheel a little 
too small for the wheel, then heat it red hot and put it on, and 
pour cold water on it ? 

7. A glass often cracks when boiling water is poured into it. 

Why? 

8. Why have we leap-year every four years ? 

9. What were " blockade-runners " ? 

10. What two states were admitted to the Union during the 
Civil War ? 

50. 

1. Who was the pathfinder of the Eocky Mountains ? 

2. Name three books by E. P. Eoe. 

3. Name the author of " The Vicar of Wakefield." 

4. Name five of the large cities of the world, each of which 
is situated at the mouth of a large river. 

5. For what particular achievement is each of the following 
persons noted ? 

(1) Sir Isaac Newton. 

(2) Capt. James Cook. 

(3) Dr. William Harvey. 

(4) Sir Eichard Arkwright. 

(5) James Watt. 



46 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

(6) Sir Humphrey Davy. 

(7) Cyrus H. McCormick. 

(8) Samuel F. B. Morse. 

(9) Prof. Alexander H. Bell. 
(10) Thomas Edison. 

6. What was the last great battle fought between — 

(1) The North and the South ? 

(2) England and Scotland ? 

(3) England and France ? 

7. Name ten advantages which we derive from the practical 
application of electricity. 

8. Who wrote " Thanatopsis " ? 

9. What was the first great novel in the English language ? 

10. Name one battle each in which the following generals were 
victorious : — 

(1) Hannibal. (5) Nelson. 

(2) Oliver Cromwell. (6) Grant. 

(3) Napoleon. (7) Lee. 

(4) Wellington. 

51. 

1. Who was the " Father of English Poetry " ? 

2. Who discovered the Pacific Ocean ? 

3. What European governments own possessions in North 
America ? 

4. What prominent statesman was killed in a duel with a 
Vice-President ? 

5. Locate the Dismal Swamp. 

6. Name the largest city of the United States not on naviga- 
ble waters. 

7. Who was the first English lexicographer ? 

8. What city was founded by Pizarro ? 

9. Who has been president, vice-president, minister to Eng- 
land, governor, and member of the Senate ? 

10. What important event took place January 1, 1863 ? 






FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 47 



PAET V. 
PUZZLING QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES. 

Note. — Children young and old are interested in good puzzles, quibbles, 
riddles, etc. ; and we doubt if teachers can furnish any Friday afternoon 
exercise which will prove more attractive than a few good questions such as 
those given in this list. Teachers will have to use their own judgment with 
reference to the amount of time which it is best to give to this subject. The 
chief business of the school is to develop the thinking and working power of 
the child, and if a good puzzle affords as good a mental exercise as a prob- 
lem in arithmetic or a question in language, there is no reason why it should 
not be considered equally valuable. 

1. If the third of 6 be 3, what must the fourth of 20 be ? 

2. Place four uines so that their sum shall be 100. 

3. What part of 3 pence is the third of 2 pence ? 

4. If a herring and a half cost a penny and a half, how much 
will 11 herrings cost ? 

5. Place four threes so as to make 34. 

6. Write 13 in such a way that when half of it is rubbed out 
8 shall remain. 

7. What is the difference between half a dozen dozen and six 
dozen dozen ? 

8. Write 24 with three equal figures, none of them being 8. 

9. Twenty-one ears of' corn are in a hollow stump. How long 
will it take a squirrel to carry them all out, if he carry out three 
ears a day ? 

10. Subtract 45 from 45 and leave 45 as remainder. 

11. Name an English word containing all the vowels. 

12. What word is that composed of five letters, from which, if 
two letters are taken, one remains ? 

13. There are two words only in our language wherein the five 
vowels follow in successive order. Which are they ? 

14. What word of six letters contains six words besides itself 
without transposing a letter ? 



48 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

15. What word of six letters admits of five successive elisions, 
leaving at each abbreviation a well-known word ? 

16. What is that which every one can divide, but no one can 
see where it has been divided ? 

17. What is perfect with a head, perfect without a head, per- 
fect with a tail, perfect without a tail, perfect with either, neither, 
or both ? 

18. In laying out an orchard of peach-trees, a farmer planted 
27 trees so as to have 9 rows and 6 trees in a row. How did he 
do this ? 

19. How can 10 apple-trees be planted so that there shall be 
5 rows and 4 trees in a row ? 

20. A New Jersey farmer planted 27 peach-trees in 10 rows, 
with 6 trees in each row. How did he plant them ? 

21. Place 4 fives so as to make six and a half. 

22. What is the difference between twice 25 and twice 5 
and 20? 

23. If you cut 30 yards of cloth into 1-yard pieces, and cut 
one yard each day, how long will it take ? 

24. What two numbers multiplied together will produce 7 ? 

25. What three figures multiplied by 4 will make precisely 5 ? 

26. Cut a square into four pieces which will form two squares 
of different sizes. 

27. What part of one-half square yard is one-half yard square ? 

28. Make one word out of the letters in " new door." 

29. Name two English words, one of which, being of one syl- 
lable only, shall contain more letters than the other of five sylla- 
bles. 

30. What is that which is lengthened by being cut at both 
ends ? 

31. What is that which cats have, but nothing else has ? 

32. Explain why it is that it takes no more pickets to build a 
fence down one hill and up another than to build in a straight 
line from top to top, no matter how deep the gully. 

33. A cheese, being put into one of the scales of a false bal- 
ance, was found to weigh 16 pounds, and when put into the other 
only 9 pounds. What was its true weight ? 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 49 

34. What weights must a merchant have in order that he can 
weigh any number of pounds from 1 to 122 ? 

35. There is a hole in the barn floor, just 2 feet in width and 
.12 in length. How can it be entirely covered with a board 3 feet 
wide and 8 feet long, by cutting the board only once in two ? 

36. A gentleman who owned 400 acres of land in the form of 
a square desired to keep 100 acres, also in the form of a square, 
in one corner, and divide the remainder equally among his four 
sons, so that each son shall have his lot of the same shape as his 
brother's. How may this be done ? 

37. Let a candle burn until it has a good long snuff ; then blow 
it out with a sudden puff : a bright wreath of white smoke will 
curl up from the hot wick. Now, if a flame be applied to this 
smoke, even at a distance of two or three inches from the candle, 
the flame will run down the smoke and rekindle the wick in a 
very fantastic manner. To perform this ceremony nicely, there 
must be no draught or " banging " doors while the mystic spell is 
rising. 

38. A and B took each 30 geese to market. A sold his at 3 
for a dollar, B at 2 for a dollar, and together they received $ 25. 
A afterwards took 60 alone, which he sold, as before, at 5 for $ 2, 
and received but $ 24. What became of the other dollar ? 

39. A person has a fox, a goose, and a peck of oats to carry 
over a river, but on account of the smallness of the boat he can 
only carry over one at a time. How can this be done so as not 
to leave the fox with the goose, nor the goose with the oats ? 

40. A mother divided some apples among her children as fol- 
lows : To the eldest she gave one-half of all there was and half 
an apple ; to the second, half of the remainder and half an apple j 
the third, half the remainder and half an apple, and kept half 
of what was left and half an apple to herself. How did she do 
this without cutting an apple or having any remainder ? 

41. A market-woman bought 120 apples at 2 for a cent, and 120 
more of another sort at 3 for a cent, but not liking her bargain 
she mixed them together and sold them at 5 for 2 cents, thinking 
she should get the same sum ; but on counting her money she 
found to her surprise that she had lost 4 cents. How did this 
happen ? 

42. In a stable where there are some horses and grooms can 
be counted 82 feet and 26 heads. How many horses and how 
many grooms were in the building ? 



50 FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 

43. A man and his wife, each weighing 150 pounds, with two 
sons, each weighing 75 pounds, have to cross a river in a boat 
which is capable of carrying only 150 pounds' weight. How will 
they get across ? 

44. A room with 8 corners had a cat in each corner, 7 cats 
before each cat, and a cat on every cat's tail. What was the total 
number of cats ? 

45. I went to London and stopped there, but was sent home 
because I didn't go there. What am I ? 

46. A gentleman, whose daughter wanted some Christmas 
money, was asked by him if she would be satisfied with 1 cent 
on the first day of December, 2 cents on the second day, 4 cents 
on the third day, and so on, doubling the amount each day until 
the last day of the month. She declined the proposition, as she 
thought the amount would not be sufficient for her wants. Now, 
what amount would she have received if she had accepted the 
offer? 

47. An old woman carrying eggs to market was met by an 
unruly fellow who broke them. When asked by a magistrate to 
prove her loss, she could only remember that in counting her eggs 
into the basket by twos, threes, fours, fives, or sixes, there always 
remained one over, but by counting them by sevens none were 
left. How many did she have ? 

48. By moving forward one move at a time, or by hopping over 
one man, as in checkers, in how few moves can the white men 
pass the black ? 

49. I am a word of five letters. Multiply my fifth by 2, and 
you have my first. Divide my first by 20, and you have my third. 
Divide my third by 5, and you have my second and. fourth. 

50. If a log starts from the source of a river on a Sunday, and 
floats 60 miles down the stream during the day, but comes back 
20 miles during the night with the return tide, on what day of 
the week will it reach the mouth of the river, which is 300 miles 
long ? 

51. What is the longest yet the shortest thing in the world ; 
the swiftest and the most slow ; the most divisible and the most 
extended ; the least valued and the most regretted ; without which 
nothing can be done ; which devours everything, however small, 
and yet gives life and spirit to all things, however great ? 



FORTY FRIDAY AFTERNOONS. 51 

52. Cut a piece of wood or cardboard, 10 inches long by 2 
inches wide, in such a manner as to form a perfect square, with- 
out waste. 

53. A man and a boy are engaged to clear up a potato-field. 
The man can dig as fast as the boy can cut the tops, but can cut 
the tops twice as fast as the boy can dig. In what proportion 
should they be remunerated ? 

54. I went into the woods and got it, because I had it I looked 
for it, and as I couldn't find it I took it home with me. What 
was it ? 

55. Put a teaspoonful of salt in a wineglass of water ; stir it 
up and place in it some coarse sewing-thread. In about an hour 
take out the thread and dry it. Tie a piece of this prepared 
thread to a finger ring ; hold it up and set fire to the thread. 
When it has burnt out, the ring will not fall, but remain sus- 
pended, to the astonishment of all beholders. 

56. The number 37 is one which, being multiplied by each of 
the figures of arithmetical progression, — 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 
24, 27, — all the products which result from it are composed of 
three repetitions of the same figure ; and the sum of these figures 
is equal to that by which you multiplied the 37. 

57. A gentleman rented a farm, and contracted to give his 
landlord two-fifths of the produce ; but prior to the time of divid- 
ing the corn the tenant used 45 bushels. When the general divis- 
ion was made, it was proposed to give the landlord 18 bushels 
from the heap, in lieu of his share of the 45 bushels which the 
tenant had used, and then to begin and divide the remainder as 
though none had been used. How much would the landlord lose 
by this method ? 



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From my knowledge of Dr. Hiram Orcutt, I should 
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Principles and Methods Involved in Forming Intellectual Habits and in 
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Teachers' Help Manuals. 



fhere are few progressive teachers in America who have not heard of 
these MANUALS. There is a novelty and freshness about them which haa 
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ably due to this fact. Every page reflects new ideas. 



/, Practical Grammar 500 Exercises. Do you teach grammar? If 

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2. Manual of Correspondence. Twenty thousand copies of this book 
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3. Mechanics Arithmetic. There are at school to-day millions of boys 
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4. Easy Problems for Young Thinkers. This is an Arithmetic on a new 
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5. Catch Questions in Arithmetic. This is a very peculiar book. It is 
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6. 100 Lessons in Composition. By W. H. Huston, Toronto. Thia 
book will contain 400 practical exercises, and will be one of the most valuable works 
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7. Manual of Rhymes, Selections, and Phrases. By Oscar Fay Adams. 
Teachers of all grades will gladly welcome this book of charming selections. II 
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8. 40 Friday Afternoons. Forty Prominent Masters prepared thia 
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the work is adapted to all classes of schools. 

0. Common-Sense Exercises in Geography. Every teacher of geography 
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is adapted to all grades and to the best American text-books. Such a book has long 
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. The first seven numbers only have been published. The others will follow in rapid 
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